Genetic Engineering Genetically Modified Organisms GMO Food 3 Pages. This paper will seek and discuss the opinion of “GMO is it Bad For Us or Does it Serves a Higher Purpose” (Genetically Modified Organism) and how it can affect the communities. This article will argue the benefits of the GMO. The paper will explore Genetic Testing Essay. Words | 4 Pages. In recent discussions of genetic testing, a controversial issue has been whether genetic testing is effective in helping find cure of some diseases. On the one hand, some argue that genetic testing helps us detect genetically passed diseases from parents to Genetic Assays, Inc. Trousdale Drive, Suite Nashville, TN Phone: DNA Fax: Email: info@blogger.com
Essay on Genetics (For College and Medical Students) | Biology
Genetic TestingIntroductionGenetic testing is a DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid based tests. DNA, which is a nucleic acid molecule, genetic essay, is understood to possess all the genetic instructions of vital importance towards the developmental and functional aspects of all living things. The information in DNA is coherently accurate.
Meaning that any information derived out of genetic testing is equally accurate, genetic essay. The technology is at its infancy stages and it is exhibiting potential use in the future as a technology in the field of health care services. Its sophistication adds to its reliability as techniques of vital use to detect and test genetic disorders. The DNA molecule in particular is examined in cases of genetic testing. Other tissue in the blood can be used for genetic testing which include enzymes, proteins among genetic essay. Genetic Testing and Health careIn the medical profession, genetic essay, genetic testing is day-to-day gaining immense importance.
This is due to the high number of diseases that are caused by defects of the genes accompanied by genetic essay corresponding high number of genes identifiers. Mutation issues of these genes further complicate the scenario since the already accounted figures are bound to hike in instances of mutation.
Definitive diagnosis and treatment of the genetically inherited diseases are highly dependent on genetic testing, genetic essay. There is a very high likelihood that this technology will be a core part and a routine in all health care fields, which will be compulsory to all irrespective of the genetic position of presence or absence of genetically inherited diseases.
Reasons for Genetic Testing Prenatal diagnostic genetic testing involves conducting a genetic test in an embryo or fetus with the aim of identifying the possibility of an existing genetic disease in the fetus or embryo.
The newborn baby may also be subjected to a genetic test for the same reasons as applies to the fetus or embryo above. Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis is also conducted aimed at screening genetic essay embryo for a disease. Some individuals possess, in their DNA a single pair of genes responsible for a disease, which for its full expression, requires two genes.
Such individuals who are unaffected by that particular genetic essay may require a genetic testing to come up with a conclusive result of their carrier position Sumner, genetic essay, Some genetically related diseases in affected may be dormant, genetic essay, with their symptoms not being fully blown. These individuals also need some genetic testing.
Genetic essay form of genetic testing is called presymptomatic testing. Normally done in adults and they are significant to test for the possibility of the onset of disorders, genetic essay. Cancer is one of the number one killer diseases, genetic essay.
Genetic testing can be of crucial help to individuals willing to gauge their potential risk. They are subjected towards developing cancer. Genetic testing also find immense application in confirming diagnosis in the laboratory, of individuals found to have symptoms of a certain genetic related disease as a basis to reference to physician, for the appropriate treatment and action, genetic essay.
Genetic testing also finds its application in the family matters. Parents with the appropriate health information about genetic position are better situated to avoid instances of having children who may have devastating diseases in the future. The healthiest approach to problem solution is creation of awareness on causes, effects and results of the problem for the appropriate steps involved to gain effectiveness.
The society should be exposed to the awareness of their potential risk of being susceptible to some of these genetically genetic essay diseases in their future. EthicsGenetic testing is a moral discipline and therefore the relevant genetic essay involved should be put in place.
This involves a philosophical analysis of moral issues and the efforts to differentiate between what is right and what is wrong. Ethics is a vital tool towards understanding of the existing tensions that come up out of differences in the values inherent in different people. The incorporation of ethics into the science of genetic testing is due to its inherent similarity to public health. Public health has had a lot of impact to societies from the past.
There existed cases of highly contagious diseases, majority of which were untreatable and fatal causes of human death, genetic essay. The public health concern in this scenario of contagious diseases is rooted to appreciation of the fact that, while one individual is affected, uncountable number of other people may become ill or even die out of this single case.
These cases are of life and death making the society to assign to the physician immense importance who is taken to possess some substantial jurisdiction over life and death. The skills, genetic essay, expertise knowledge and training relevant to treat these diseases is the ultimate qualifying factor for the position There is an expected balance by the society of the good of the entire public and the good of an individual member of the public.
Ethical IssuesGenetic testing gives information of the individual tested which in some way bears some adverse effects to the particular individual and the family of the individual.
The results of the tests project the future health status of the individual and in an instance where critical illness or genetic essay death is foreseen, serious implications on family life and socio-economic life are felt by the individual and the family of the individual. Employment and insurance of the positively tested person is put at peril.
The information on genetic testing should therefore be confidential and its handling should be highly considered to safeguard the owner and the family at large.
The access to such information should be restricted to only the persons authorized to access it Sumner Duty —base TheoryAny scientific research has some ethical dimensions to the society. The duty-base theory is a good model to use while comparisons between the scientific technologies and ethical theories are being put genetic essay a balance, genetic essay.
Ethical theories are out of ethical analysis as an appropriate tool subjected to the society to be an aid to individuals for the determination of the appropriate decisions, which are genetic essay, and their possibility to be tested against ethical theories. This brings the scientist to the choice of the morally appropriate decision to make. Utilitarian EthicsTo resolve most of these tensions in the public health, the utilitarian theory is of immensely vital contribution, genetic essay.
Genetic essay utilitarian theory therefore gives preferences to the public at the expense of the individual. A good example of the application of utilitarian theory is a situation of government laws and legislatures genetic essay the society should report to the authority any experienced case of a communicable disease.
Another example may be vaccination programs being made mandatory. This is a similar case of a compulsory genetic testing and any case of a genetic related disease being referred to the relevant physicians for appropriate action towards its control and treatment. This is done for the interest of the general public and at the expense of the ethical moral status of the affected person. Egalitarian EthicsIn the community it is just and fair to treat all members to be genetic essay equal importance.
The least person in terms of well being is no different from the esteemed person in terms of social status. Genetic essay should be expressed to exist across social classes; this is the ethic of egalitarianism. In genetic testing egalitarian ethics should have its application in a sense that the decision to take a genetic test should not have the influence of any other member of the community. Ethics of Public HealthIn the process of human genetic essay, interacting with each other, there looms a potential danger of some ethical tensions to arise.
The ethical tensions usually exhibit a particular, unique context which is particular to the individual and totally conflicting the opponents side, genetic essay. Each member of the society is entitled to obey some definite and unique values, genetic essay, which are guided by some moral judgment. The opponent is in a potentially equal but opposite distinctively opposite positionPrinciples of BioethicsA part from the known theories already discussed, ethical tensions can vehemently be illustrated by the use of some principles that are simultaneously a firm foundation towards the accurate decision making as regards the issue of genetic testing.
These principles are: -Respect for Autonomy: The principle of autonomy is based on the assumption that each individual in the society is independent and solitary in the sense of decision-making. Out of this principle each individual member in the society is liable to make a personal decision as regards the issue of genetic testing. The principle has the relevant respect for the dignity of the human unlike the principle of paternalism.
The decision for or against genetic testing therefore lies explicitly on the individual person supposed to genetic essay the test Sumner The principle of Nonmaleficence: According to this principle the right cause of decision should not in any way portly any harmful effects to other people. Therefore the decision against or for the genetic test should be made from the viewpoint of protecting the harm of any possible genetic disease to the public.
The principle of Beneficence: The benefits of the society at large are further compounded by the principle of beneficence.
The public should receive the maximum benefits out of an action of an individual and therefore the decision to take a genetic test according to this principle should be dictated by the project benefits to the public, genetic essay.
The principle of Justice and rights: This principle tends to assume a neutral perspective of decision-making. It has got some related ideologies such impartial, equity, fairness etc. Comment on the principles and theoriesAlthough these principles are sound and logical a conclusive solution can never be derived from any one or all genetic essay them as a break through of the dilemma of genetic testing. The problem facing people requires an elaborated framework as a principal guide towards looking for solution, genetic essay.
Potential tension between theoriesTension may occur for example between the principle of beneficence and the principle of respect for autonomy in the decision towards genetic testing.
This is quite in order in the principle-based approach. An ethical analysis of the situation at hand should be out of a thoughtful appraisal of the totality of related concerns while the societal context is given the first hand priority, at the expense of the individual stand point which is the cause of tension. Major Ethical tensions in the public healthThe tensions experienced as regards genetic testing are out of the conflict between the rights of the individual relative to the rights of the community.
The public health has to deal with a situation whereby an individual is found to have a communicable disease, looking at the two perspectives of the individual and genetic essay public. The tension occurs out of the efforts to strike a balance between the rights of an individual and the right of the public at large. The middle ages expressed some form of witch-hunts to victims of communicable diseases. The victims were discriminated from the rest of the community, expelled from their jobs and children denied places in schools.
Genetic testing poses some undesirable effects to the individual tested and the family as a whole. The results are ability to result to stigmatization and general decline of self-esteem and individuals hope in the future career and family life. The positive result of a genetic testing are liable to increase genetic essay fear to the uncertain risk of sickness of the individual in the future and to the extreme, the occurrence of untimely and premature death.
Apart from the already living and aware, the unborn and honest are not being genetic essay by the ethical tensions that result from the results of genetic testing results. By the virtue of the fact that genetic testing is a new technology and bound to be a genetic essay public health procedure, the concerns are traumatizing.
Genetic essay technologies at the modern times have facilitated the storage of consolidated information in a single computer. This genetic essay some negative consequences as regards the privacy and confidentiality of the genetic testing, information of individuals, genetic essay. Anybody can access the information in contrast to the dire need for the privacy of such sensitive information. Impartiality Advocacy and Genetic TestingAn impartial genetic testing officer is likely to encounter a potential conflict from an advocate of public health.
It is a normal procedure for human beings to life in an environment of conflict due to the simple reasons that the means and ends to different goals in life take different courses of actions and that each an every individual has to accomplish the designated duties at the end of the day.
The objectives of the genetic testing may face conflicts from the interests of protecting the public health. Public health and the state: beneficence or paternalismThe government in power is solely responsible to set up genetic essay place the relevant policies and enforce the policies under the public health domain, genetic essay.
The government policies are intended to be beneficial to all citizens. However in cases of policies on genetic testing with the aim of protecting the entire public, the autonomy of the individual is more oftenly than not, undermined, genetic essay.
Genetic testing Legal Issues: Accountability and Responsibility: -The results of genetic testing posses dangers, to the affected, of contracting genetic essay disease, which is to the high degree fatal. For such a person the marital life, in the first place is in danger.
A spouse to such an individual would be in a dilemma as whether to be involved in a relationship and child bearing to a partner who has potential danger of future illness or even death.
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Jun 18, · Genetic Testing Essay. admin June 18, Genetic TestingIntroductionGenetic testing is a DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) based tests. DNA, which is a nucleic acid molecule, is understood to possess all the genetic instructions of vital importance towards the developmental and functional aspects of all living things. D Genetic Engineering Essay evaluate the disciplines of genetic engineering and climate science, along with their potential significance. I will also defend my opinion that genetic engineering may have the greater long-term impact on human society and our understanding of nature, while also acknowledging the long-term impact of climate science Genetic Assays, Inc. Trousdale Drive, Suite Nashville, TN Phone: DNA Fax: Email: info@blogger.com
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