Water And Soil Conservation Soil conservation includes all such measures which protect the soil from erosion and restore its fertility. These measures are of two types-(a) small measures to check soil erosion at local or even individual level, and (b) large measures at government level involving larger area and heavy investment. (a) Small Measures-These include afforestation, regularised land strip Each essay will be no less than or more than words in length, written in English. The original copy of the essay must be submitted to the local Soil and Water Conservation District office. The District will make at least one copy of the essay for the student to retain and one for the District’s files Essay # 1. Introduction to Soil Conservation in India: In India about 81 m. million hectare lands out of total geographical area of blogger.comes are affected by erosion problem. In other terms “out of net cultivated area of m ha, m ha lands are suffering from erosion either due to water or blogger.comted Reading Time: 7 mins
Soil and water conservation essay examples – Essays Captain
In India about 81 m. million hectare lands out of total geographical area of hectares are affected by erosion problem. Out of these about 40 mha lands are badly affected and need immediate control measures. The dominating factors which are responsible for producing the problems of soil erosion in India, are the excessive deforestation, overgrazing, faulty agricultural practices and occurrence of flood.
Soil and water conservation essay order to maximize the extent of net cultivable area, the importance is now given to the soil conservation work in the country. In the first five year plan, the urgency has been given for making the nationwide policy, dealing with various existing problems, which resulted into recognization of soil and water conservation work plan.
In the first five year plan to soil and water conservation essay soil conservation schemes were approved in three heads; they are the immobilizing of deserts, bunding and terracing on hilly lands and afforestation of ravines and severely eroded areas, soil and water conservation essay.
In which, about 2, soil and water conservation essay. In addition, eight regional training cum research centres were also established to study the soil conservation problems of the country.
During this, the Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur was established to undertake the studies on the desert problems existing in the state of Rajasthan, soil and water conservation essay. The Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Dehradun as one of the ICAR institutes was also established in as a central body to conduct different activities regarding soil conservation, which was subsequently recognized as central institute in the year of This institute has 8 regional research centres all over the country, located at Chandigarh to tackle the Siwalik foothill problems, Agra, Kota, Vasad, Bellary, Oata Chamund, Koraput and Datia.
Similarly, in the second five year plan the soil conservation works such as contour bunding and terracing were carried out with rapid progress, and an area of about 8 lakh hectares was completed. Soil conservation and land use survey was also initiated on about 5 lakh ha land.
In addition, the soil conservation measures were also conducted on different catchment areas of major river valleys of the country as very urgent, to check the increasing rate of silt deposition in the reservoirs. Essay 2. Principles of Soil Conservation : The ultimate objective of soil conservation is to have maximum sustainable level of production from the given land piece along with maintaining the soil loss below the threshold limit.
The threshold value of soil loss theoretically reveals the balance between the natural rate of soil formation and the soil erosion. Also, the objective need to reduce the erosion for checking nutrient loss from the agricultural land, or indirectly to prevent the pollution of water bodies; to decrease the sedimentation rate in reservoirs, rivers, canals and ditches are very important, soil and water conservation essay. In longer term, the soil erosion is required to control the land deterioration or it gets to be abandoned which cannot be reclaimed thereafter, because of limited options for future land use.
Since, soil erosion is the natural process, therefore, it cannot be prevented, but can be reduced to an acceptable limit. On this aspect, a decision is required to take, that the soil erosion rate should not affect the sustained agricultural production, along with minimizing the environmental impacts. Overall, the strategies soil and water conservation essay soil conservation should be based on the following main points:.
Development of soil cover to protect the soil from raindrop impact. Increasing infiltration capacity of the soil to reduce the erosion impact. Increasing infiltration capacity of soil to reduce the runoff. The objective of soil conservation can be fulfilled by various measures, in which the agronomic measures, soil management and mechanical measures are the main.
The agronomic or biological measures utilize the vegetations to minimize the erosion. Soil management refers to the practices for preparing the soil to generate a vigorous vegetative growth and improve soil structure so that there would be good resistant against particles detachment or soil erosion. The mechanical measures manipulate the land topography for controlling soil loss. The bunds and terraces are the main structures under mechanical measures used for controlling the flow of water, and thereby checking the soil loss, soil and water conservation essay.
When deciding the conservation measures to employ, the first preference should always be given to the agronomical measures; not to the mechanical measures, because of the following reasons:, soil and water conservation essay. Develop direct effect on reducing the raindrop impact; increasing the infiltration rate; reducing the runoff volume and decreasing the water velocity.
Mechanical measures are ineffective on their own, because they cannot prevent detachment of soil particles. The main role of mechanical structures is to supplement the agronomical measures. Essay 3. Soil Conservation Research and Training Centers : In India, the research on soil and water conservation was started around in the thirties of this century.
For the purpose, in the Government of India set up Soil Conservation Board, which chairman is the Union Agriculture Minister, and members of it are appointed from different departments and organisations. Soil and water conservation essay main function of this board is to coordinate the soil conservation research programmes throughout the country.
This board also set ups different regional research centres, demonstration and training centres for pursuance of different objectives related to soil conservation. The different research centres and their research problems dealt, are given as under:. Apart from above soil and water conservation research centres, the Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur Rajasthan is also conducting several valuable research programs in the field of soil and water conservation, especially for arid zones.
The Soil Conservation Centre, Hazaribagh is also dealing the soil conservation problem of Damodar Valley area. The establishment dates of different soil conservation research, demonstration and training centres in India are given in Table 1. The all above soil conservation centres were transferred to ICAR in Oct, soil and water conservation essay. The Central Soil and Water Conservation Research Demonstration and Training Centre, Hyderabad became as headquarter of AICRP for Dry land Agriculture, which is now named as CRIDA.
In at Jodhpur a Desert Afforestation Research Station was also established, which was re-designated as Desert Afforestation and Soil Conservation Station in the yearwhich now is CAZRI. Essay 4. In this direction, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture and Indian Council of Agricultural Research made a combine effort to delineate the entire geographical area of country into ten 10 soil conservation regions.
Essay 5. Soil Conservation Problems in India : As per research findings, for generating 2. In India, majority of areas are under severe effects of soil erosion problems. In other words, there is very little area free from the soil erosion problem. However, the severity of soil erosion problem is being more in humid and sub-humid areas due to high rainfall and improper management of land and water. As per report, out of The agricultural lands share more aerial extent regarding erosion problem.
Apart from reduction in crop yields due to loss of nutrients, the erosion also destroy the soil resources every year at alarming rate. Soil and water conservation essay, the districts of Akola, Buldana and Yeotmal have also been reported to have such problems. About 2. The Shivalik hills where forests and vegetations have been denudated; the Himalayas; the Western Ghats; the Eastern Ghats and the mountainous regions of Deccan have been under severe soil erosion problems, and agricultural lands have been destroyed.
In Soil and water conservation essay Punjab an area of about 19, ha has been under erosion, which has increased to 32, ha from to 37, ha up to and is expected to about 60, ha up to In the Himalayan regions, because of improper land management, the problem of landslides and land- slips are also in very serious stage.
The status of soil conservation problems in India is presented in Table 1. Essay 6. Soil Conservation Programmes under Five Year Plans : The salient features of land management and soil conservation programmes carried out during different live year plans are described as under:, soil and water conservation essay. Under this five year plan, the following main aspects of land management and soil conservation were taken into consideration:.
Creation of resources for facilitating the research and training programmes in the field of land management and soil conservation. Streamlining of administrative and organisational structures dealing the problems of land management and soil conservation. Establishment of Soil Conservation Board at national level to co-ordinate and guide land management and soil conservation programmes throughout the country. Establishment of nine soil conservation research and demonstration centres.
The soil conservation centre was soil and water conservation essay opened at Jodhpur for conducting the study on the problems related to arid zones.
This centre was renamed as CAZRI, soil and water conservation essay, Jodhpur, later on. The followings are the main salient features of this five year plan, regarding land management and soil conservation:. The All India Soil and Land use Survey Organisation was established at central level.
The centrally sponsored schemes were stressed on implementation of conservation measures in the catchments of major river valley projects. In this five year plan, the works which were carried out during previous three five years plan were continued. Since, soil and water conservation essay, the period was very short, therefore, the meaningful result could not achieved. During this five year plan the following main achievements were obtained:.
The All India Soil and Land Use Survey was become able to prepare a detail analysis of different watersheds of the country. On the basis of relative erodibility, all the watersheds were classified into sub-watersheds. Afforestation practices were undertaken at broader scale to improve the conditions of degraded lands, soil and water conservation essay. The Integrated Watershed Management was successfully undertaken in different parts of the country. The catchments of major river valley projects were also included in this programme.
In this five year plan the problems undertaken during previous plans were continued for investigating more results.
However, the main achievements obtained during Vth five year plan were as under:. The land reclamation and development organisations were opened in different states of the country. Lands subject to the soil and water conservation essay practices due to shifting cultivation were taken into consideration at large scale.
The projects carrying out on Land management and Soil conservation were further integrated. For reclaiming ravine areas of Yamuna, Chambal and Mahi rivers new technologies were introduced. For developing the package of practices to tackle soil and water conservation essay problem areas of the country, new research schemes were also formulated. New technologies for landslide and gully control were also searched out and tested successfully in the field.
In this plan period more concentrations were made on the treatment of small watersheds which area varies up to ha. It was derived as conclusion that smaller watersheds are more manageable than the bigger watersheds. Areal seeding technique was introduced for afforestation purposes of ravine areas. In this plan an intensive programme for integrated management of about sub-watersheds of 8 flood prone catchments of Ganga River were under taken for study purposes.
For continuous monitoring of different water management programmes a system was developed. For erosion control in mountainous regions more attention was paid. Seventh Five Year Plan to :.
Excellent Development - Soil and Water Conservation
, time: 5:21Poster and Essay Contest – Mississippi Association of Conservation Districts
Each essay will be no less than or more than words in length, written in English. The original copy of the essay must be submitted to the local Soil and Water Conservation District office. The District will make at least one copy of the essay for the student to retain and one for the District’s files · This mighty sub-continent with all kinds of inhabitants has been brought under a soil and water conservation essay ideas plan which is titanic, unknown, unparalleled. At the same time, philosophical and theological speculations were never far away Soil And Water Conservation Essay, writing a college application essay homeschool, suffering for something essay essay about what people are willing to suffer, if you are able to see my essay
No comments:
Post a Comment